Leonardo Vitale was the first Cosa Nostra turncoat to cooperate with the authorities. In 1973, he denounced Totò Riina, Bernardo Provenzano, Michele Greco, and Vito Ciancimino to the police, but he could not withstand imprisonment and lost his sanity. He ended up spending a full ten years in a criminal lunatic asylum. Yet, upon his release, the Mafia—which has a long memory—showed that it had not forgotten him.